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T. Levy\uff09\uff0c\u9081\u5409\u723e\u5927\u5b78\uff08McGill University\uff09\u6559\u6388<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u502b\u5357\u505a\u4e86\u8a3a\u65b7\uff0c\u4e5f\u958b\u4e86\u8655\u65b9\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u7acb\u5373\u5207\u9664\u666e\u9078\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6bd2\u7624\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u8332\u4e8b\u9ad4\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8a72\u8cbf\u7136\u4ee5\u8eab\u8a66\u85e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u9084\u5f97\u518d\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u4e0b\u2026\u2026\u2500\u2500\u8449\u6d69\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u540c\u6642\u9069\u5408\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8207\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u4f86\u8b80\u3002\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u8ad6\u9ede\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7df4\u7fd2\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5230\u5e95\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u518d\u601d\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u4fee\u6b63\u73fe\u72c0\u4e0b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u2500\u2500\u9673\u65b9\u9685\uff0c\u300a\u83dc\u5e02\u5834\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u300b\u5171\u540c\u7de8\u8f2f\u3001\u9cf4\u4eba\u5802\u5c08\u6b04\u4f5c\u5bb6<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5091\u68ee\u2027\u5e03\u502b\u5357\uff08Jason Brennan\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5c08\u696d\u9818\u57df\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u8457\u8ff0\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u5341\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u6295\u7968\u7684\u502b\u7406\u300b\uff08The Ethics of Voting\uff09\u3001\u300a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u662f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1f\u300b\uff08Why Not Capitalism?\uff09\u548c\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\uff08Libertarianism\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u7121\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u7fa9\u52d9\u6295\u7968\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7c21\u77ed\u6b77\u53f2\u300b\uff08Market without Limits, Compulsory Voting, and a Brief History of Liberty\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b6f\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/p>\n<p>\u5289\u7dad\u4eba<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u7531\u8b6f\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u51b7\u77e5\u8b58\u5b85\u5b85\u3002<br \/>\n\u559c\u6b61\u82f1\u7f8e\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u684c\u904a\u3001\u9152\u3002<br \/>\n\u8b6f\u6709\u300a\u8d85\u7d1a\u82f1\u96c4\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7149\u6210\u7684\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u88ab\u8aa4\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u300b<br \/>\n\u4fe1\u7bb1\uff1awarren1_liu@hotmail.com<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76ee\u9304<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5c0e\u8ad6\u3000\u5e03\u502b\u5357\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u8655\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b20\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u75c5\u7406\u5831\u544a\uff0f\u8449\u6d69\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff09<br \/>\n\u53f0\u7063\u7248\u5e8f<br \/>\n2017\u5e74\u7248\u5e8f<br \/>\n\u524d\u8a00\u66a8\u8a8c\u8b1d<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u54c8\u6bd4\u4eba\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u6d41\u6c13<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u7121\u77e5\u3001\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\u932f\u8aa4<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3000\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\u8b93\u4eba\u58ae\u843d<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u3000\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u6211\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u91cf<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u3000\u653f\u6cbb\u975e\u8a69<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u3000\u6211\u5011\u6709\u6b0a\u64c1\u6709\u7a31\u8077\u7684\u653f\u5e9c<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u3000\u6c11\u4e3b\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u55ce\uff1f<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u3000\u77e5\u8005\u6cbb\u4e4b<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u3000\u5f7c\u6b64\u70ba\u6575<\/p>\n<h3>\u5c0e\u8b80(\u7bc0\u9304)<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e03\u502b\u5357\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u8655\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b20\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u75c5\u7406\u5831\u544a<\/p>\n<p>\u8449\u6d69\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u8b80\u8005\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u300a\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08Against Democracy\uff09\u662f\u5e7e\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u51fa\u7248\u65bc\u4e8c\u25cb\u4e00\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u7a0d\u65e9\u65bc\u82f1\u570b\u812b\u6b50\u516c\u6295\uff0c\u662f\u6642\uff0c\u5ddd\u666e\u4e5f\u5c1a\u672a\u7576\u9078\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5e03\u502b\u5357\u96a8\u5f8c\u8072\u540d\u5927\u566a\u4e26\u88ab\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5949\u70ba\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u70ba\u5a92\u9ad4\u7af6\u76f8\u8ffd\u9010\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u8072\u52e2\u76f4\u903c\u53d7\u9080\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u8077\u68d2\u958b\u7403\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u516c\u77e5\u6559\u6388\u6851\u5fb7\u723e\uff08Michael Sandel\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u7e3d\u7d50\u5e03\u502b\u5357\u5148\u524d\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u83c1\u82f1\u5236\u300d\uff08epistocracy\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u8ad6\u65e8\u662f\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u826f\u5e8f\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6295\u7968\u8005\u90fd\u5177\u5099\u95dc\u65bc\u9078\u8209\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6839\u672c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\uff01\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7a05\u5236\u3001\u5de5\u6642\u8207\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u8cc7\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u96aa\u7d66\u4ed8\u6bd4\u7387\uff09\u4e43\u81f3\u570b\u5bb6\u524d\u9014\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8b70\u984c\uff08\u50cf\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u653f\u7b56\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5230\u77e5\u8b58\u83c1\u82f1\u7684\u624b\u4e0a\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u7b26\u5408\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u624d\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u8a72\u662f\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u6b20\u7f3a\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7121\u77e5\u90fd\u610f\u8b58\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u611a\u6c11\u4f86\u5be6\u7fd2\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff1b\u64da\u6b64\uff0c\u9472\u5d4c\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u300c\u7968\u7968\u7b49\u503c\u300d\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u751f\u667a\u529b\u8207\u5f8c\u5929\u77e5\u8b58\u7686\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5f37\u884c\u843d\u5be6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u53ea\u6703\u8b93\u539f\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u793e\u6703\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u597d\u3001\u6700\u6b63\u78ba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\uff0c\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u6295\u7968\u7684\u610f\u9858\uff0c\u6dea\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u83c1\u82f1\u8207\u7121\u77e5\u5eb6\u6c11\u7684\u96d9\u8f38\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b32\u9632\u7bc4\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u60b2\u5287\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u63d0\u9ad8\u6295\u7968\u8cc7\u683c\u7684\u9580\u6abb\u624d\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6e2c\u9a57\uff0c\u904e\u6ffe\u6389\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u793e\u6703\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\u65e2\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u9078\u8209\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u675c\u7d55\u52a3\u5e63\u9010\u826f\u5e63\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64\u770b\u4f3c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u8207\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u99d0\u8db3\u63a8\u6572\u4e00\u756a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7565\u8ff0\u5916\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e26\u5021\u8b70\u77e5\u8b58\u83c1\u82f1\u5236\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u9019\u4f4d\u54f2\u4eba\u7576\u7136\u662f\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u5927\u54f2\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u83c1\u82f1\u5236\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u7406\u60f3\u570b\u300b\u662f\u6279\u5224\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6982\u5ff5\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6df1\u9060\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u300c\u6cbb\u570b\u7336\u5982\u6d77\u4e0a\u884c\u8239\u300d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u552f\u6709\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u8853\u624d\u80fd\u52dd\u4efb\uff0c\u5177\u5099\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u8cea\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u53d6\u6085\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u53d7\u5230\u773e\u4eba\u611b\u6234\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u9053\u7406\u4e0d\u904e\u50cf\u4eba\u75c5\u4e86\u5c31\u8a72\u627e\u91ab\u751f\u90a3\u6a23\u7c21\u55ae\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u9084\u771f\u7684\u628a\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u985e\u6bd4\u70ba\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u5c31\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u6216\u8aaa\u9748\u9b42\u4e43\u5e95\u4e0b\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff1a\u7406\u667a\u3001\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u617e\u671b\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6027\u683c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u7531\u4e09\u8005\u5176\u4e00\u6240\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u9069\u5408\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\uff0c\u617e\u671b\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u7136\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u9069\u5408\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e\u4e8b\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u6b64\u8cfa\u9322\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5716\u7684\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4eab\u6a02\u3002\u6fc0\u60c5\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u4eba\u5247\u61c9\u8a72\u64d4\u4efb\u4fdd\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